AL-GHAZALI, IBN ‘ARABI, DAN RUMI
Tiga Pilar Tasawuf Teosofis Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59166/el-adabi.v5i1.563Kata Kunci:
Theosophical Sufism, Wahdat Al-Wujud, Spiritual Integration, Divine LoveAbstrak
Theosophical Sufism represents one of the most significant syntheses in Islamic intellectual history, integrating mystical-orthodox dimensions with philosophical-rational approaches. However, no comprehensive study has positioned Al-Ghazali, Ibn Arabi, and Jalaluddin Rumi as an interconnected unity that collectively sustains this tradition. This article aims to identify, classify, and interpret the contributions of these three figures in an integrated manner. This study employs a qualitative approach based on library research, utilizing content analysis techniques that are historical-genealogical, conceptual-philosophical, and synthetic-integrative in nature. The findings reveal that Al-Ghazali served as the unifier of shari'ah and haqiqah, affirming that both dimensions must operate harmoniously as an inseparable religious unity. Ibn Arabi advanced this tradition by constructing a metaphysical system of wahdat al-wujud, asserting that the entire universe constitutes a gradual manifestation of one absolute existence through the process of tajalli across three levels, namely ahadiyah, wahidiyah, and tajalli syuhudi. Meanwhile, Rumi expressed the pinnacle of theosophical experience through the concept of divine love (mahabbah), traversed through zuhud, thariqah, and the sama' ritual within the Maulawiyah order. This study contributes to enriching academic discourse on theosophical Sufism as a living Islamic intellectual tradition that remains deeply relevant to the spiritual life of contemporary Muslims.
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