TAFSIR AYAT-AYAT HUKUM EKONOMI DALAM PERSPEKTIF MUHAMMAD BAQIR ASH-SHADR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59166/mizanuna.v4i1.620Keywords:
Tafsīr, Economic Law Verses, ; Muhammad Baqir Ash-Shadr, Istikhlāf, Distributive JusticeAbstract
This article examines the interpretation (tafsīr) of Qur'anic verses relating to economic law (āyāt al-aḥkām al-iqtiṣādiyyah) through the intellectual lens of Muhammad Baqir Ash-Shadr, an Iraqi Shī'ī jurist-philosopher best known for his monumental work Iqtiṣādunā. Rather than treating economics as a positive science derived inductively from observed reality, Ash-Shadr regards Islamic economics as a normative doctrine (madhhab) rooted in revelation, whose task is to be extracted from the Qur'an and Sunnah through ijtihād. Using a qualitative library-research method with a thematic-tafsīr (mawḍū'ī) approach, this study analyzes three clusters of verses central to Ash-Shadr's economic doctrine: verses on human vicegerency and multiple ownership (istikhlāf and milkiyyah, QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 30 and QS. an-Nisā' [4]: 32), verses on the prohibition of ribā and distributive justice (QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 275-279), and verses concerning the role of the state in guaranteeing economic balance. The findings indicate that Ash-Shadr's hermeneutic moves dialectically between text (naṣṣ) and social reality, so that economic verses are not read merely as isolated legal rulings but as an integrated doctrinal structure combining private, public, and state ownership, pre-production and post-production distribution, and state intervention for social balance (al-takāful al-ijtimā'ī). This framework offers a distinctive alternative to both capitalist and socialist readings of property and distribution, and remains conceptually relevant for contemporary sharia economic institutions, including cooperative-based Islamic microfinance such as BMT.
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