Kata Kunci
Bay' al-Salam
TV Media
Consumer Protection
Abstrak
This study examines the practice of advance payment (bay' al-salam) at TV Media Branch Unimed, North Sumatra, from the perspective of Islamic law. TV Media offers products through television broadcasts, requiring consumers to pay in full before goods are dispatched, a model structurally identical to the classical salam contract. Problems arise when delivery is delayed or stock is unavailable, raising questions about the fulfillment of salam's validity conditions. This research employs a qualitative normative-empirical (socio-legal) approach, combining interviews with TV Media staff and primary library sources including classical fiqh texts and contemporary fatwas. The findings indicate that the transaction model employed by TV Media fulfills most pillars and conditions of bay' al-salam: the contract is concluded through mutual consent via telephone communication, the object is described with sufficient specificity, and consumer protection mechanisms including refund and replacement guarantees are in place. However, the stipulation of a precise delivery timeframe, a mandatory condition (ajal ma'lum) in salam contracts, remains critically unfulfilled when stock is unavailable, introducing an element of uncertainty (gharar) that weakens the contract's validity under Islamic law. This study contributes a normative-empirical analysis of salam contracts in pre-digital home shopping contexts and offers a fiqh framework applicable to contemporary e-commerce transactions, with practical recommendations for formalizing the contract and strengthening consumer protection mechanisms.
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